istoryworld
All Events
The senate, controlled by Pompey and his faction, orders Caesar to disband his army and return to Rome
The Maya introduce a calendar which has a cycle of fifty-two years, known as the Calendar Round
A doctrinal split emerges within Jainism over whether a devotee must go naked (sky clad) or may be allowed a simple robe (white clad)
Julius Caesar crosses the river Rubicon (the southern boundary of Gaul) with his army – and in doing so launches a civil war
Pompey flees from Rome at the approach of Caesar, and boards a ship at Brindisi to sail eastwards
Julius Caesar moves fast to drive Pompey's supporters from Italy and to crush forces loyal to him in Spain
Julius Caesar defeats his rival Pompey at Pharsalus, in Greece, and makes himself master of the Roman world
Caesar, reaching Egypt, is not pleased when sent by Ptolemy XIII the gift of Pompey's severed head, already embalmed
Civil war breaks out in Egypt between Ptolemy XIII and his sister Cleopatra, each scheming to become sole ruler
Pompey, seeking in Egypt refuge from Caesar, is first welcomed and then murdered by the faction of Ptolemy XIII
Julius Caesar, now fifty-two, meets the 21-year-old Cleopatra in Alexandria and they become lovers
Cleopatra gives birth to a son and calls him Ptolemy XV Caesar (later known by the nickname Caesarion)
The combined forces of Caesar and Cleopatra defeat Ptolemy XIII in a battle fought in the Nile delta
Ptolemy XIII is either killed or accidentally drowns while attempting to escape across the Nile
Cleopatra acquires a new co-ruler and husband in the form of another young brother, now Ptolemy XIV
Julius Caesar leaves Alexandria to travel with his army by the land route back to Italy, through Turkey
Julius Caesar concludes a campaign in Asia Minor so speedily that he declares, succinctly, Veni, vidi, vici ('I came, I saw, I conquered')
Vercingetorix is a prize exhibit in Caesar's great triumph in Rome, but the Celtic chieftain is strangled once the procession is over
Julius Caesar goes to Africa to confront the remainder of Pompey's forces, and defeats them at Thapsus – but two of Pompey's sons escape to Spain
Cleopatra travels to Rome with Caesarion, whom Caesar now officially recognizes as his son
A town is founded by Julius Caesar on the ruined site of Carthage, and eventually flourishes as Colonia Julia Carthago
In the final act of his long struggle with supporters of Pompey, Julius Caesar defeats their last survivors at Munda in Spain
Julius Caesar's new calendar is introduced, at a time when its predecessor has become out of step with the seasons by three months
On March 15, the Ides of March, Julius Caesar is stabbed to death during a meeting of the senate
Mark Antony gives a dramatic speech in praise of Caesar, calming the crowd but also positioning himself for the next stage in an ongoing power struggle
