Events relating to south africa

Mzilikazi, after a quarrel with Shaka, leads the Ndebele people to new territories west of Natal

Shaka is murdered by his half-brother Dingaan, who becomes leader of the Zulu in his place

Hendrik Potgieter sets off with some 200 Boers and their cattle at the start of the Great Trek to the north

Hendrik Potgieter and the Boers, protected by a laager at Vegkop, hold off an attack by a large force of Ndebele tribesmen

After a victory at Vegkop, Boers massacre the inhabitants of a dozen Ndebele villages in secret dawn raids

Piet Retief reaches a provisional agreement with Dingaan, the Zulu leader, for a Boer settlement in southern Natal

During a ceremony to celebrate their treaty with Dingaan, Piet Retief and his Boer companions are overpowered and killed

Dingaan's warriors massacre Boer families in a series of dawn raids near the Bloukrans river

The river Ncome becomes known as the Blood River after thousands of Zulu die attacking Andries Pretorius and the Boers

With Boer help, Mpande removes his brother Dingaan from the Zulu throne and takes his place

The Boers establish the Orange Free State as an independent republic, with its own custom-built constitution

Britain annexes Basutoland (now Lesotho), the kingdom of the Sotho leader Moshoeshoe

The proprietor of the New York Herald gives Henry Morton Stanley a very concise commission – 'Find Livingstone'

18-year-old English entrepreneur Cecil Rhodes, on a temporary visit to South Africa, arrives in the new diamond town of Kimberley

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